Ari Goldstein, The Zambezi Institute

Zimbabwe stands at a critical juncture in its economic and political trajectory. The re-engagement with the United States of America on the issue of sanctions is not only a diplomatic necessity, but also an economic imperative for the nation’s recovery and long-term stability.

The sanctions, imposed under the pretext of human rights and electoral irregularities, have had a devastating impact on Zimbabwe’s economy and its people. However, a closer examination reveals that these sanctions are rooted in historical grievances, particularly the land reform program, which the West has weaponized to punish Zimbabwe for reclaiming its sovereignty.

It is time to move beyond this punitive approach and foster a new era of co-operation which benefits both Zimbabwe and the international community.

 

Background: Why Sanctions Were Imposed on Zimbabwe  

The sanctions against Zimbabwe were first imposed in the early 2000s, primarily by the United States and the European Union, following the government’s implementation of the Fast-Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP). This program sought to address historical imbalances in land ownership, where a minority of white farmers controlled the majority of arable land, a legacy of colonial rule.

The West framed the sanctions as a response to alleged human rights abuses and electoral malpractices, but the underlying motivation was to penalize Zimbabwe for redistributing land to the majority Black population.

 

The land reform was not an act of aggression but a necessary corrective measure to rectify colonial injustices. The West, however, viewed this as a threat to its economic interests and used Zimbabwe’s young democracy—still grappling with institutional weaknesses—as a pretext to impose sanctions. These measures were not only disproportionate but also racially motivated, as they sought to undermine Zimbabwe’s sovereignty and self-determination.

 

The Economic Toll of Sanctions 

The sanctions have had a crippling effect on Zimbabwe’s economy. By restricting access to international financial institutions, freezing assets, and discouraging foreign investment, the sanctions have stifled economic growth and development. Key sectors such as agriculture, mining, and manufacturing have been severely impacted, leading to widespread unemployment, hyperinflation, and a collapse in public services.

 

The human cost of these sanctions cannot be overstated. Millions of Zimbabweans have been pushed into poverty, with limited access to healthcare, education, and basic necessities. The sanctions have also exacerbated the country’s debt crisis, making it nearly impossible to secure loans or attract foreign direct investment. According to estimates, Zimbabwe has lost over $42 billion in potential economic output due to sanctions, a staggering figure for a nation of its size and potential.

 

Why Reengagement is Essential  

Reengaging with the US on sanctions is not just a matter of economic survival for Zimbabwe; it is a step toward restoring dignity and justice. The sanctions have failed to achieve their stated objectives of promoting democracy and human rights. Instead, they have inflicted collective punishment on ordinary Zimbabweans, many of whom were not even born during the land reform program.

 

From an economic perspective, lifting sanctions would unlock critical resources needed for Zimbabwe’s recovery. It would allow the country to access international financial markets, attract investment, and rebuild its infrastructure. This, in turn, would create jobs, reduce poverty, and improve living standards for millions of people.

 

Diplomatically, reengagement would signal a shift from confrontation to cooperation. It would acknowledge Zimbabwe’s right to self-determination and its efforts to address historical injustices. The West must recognize that Zimbabwe’s land reform was not an act of malice but a necessary step toward economic empowerment and social justice.

 

The Way Forward  

The Zambezi Institute believes that the time for change is now. Zimbabwe cannot afford to remain isolated from the global economy, and the West must move beyond its punitive approach. The sanctions have done nothing but perpetuate suffering and hinder progress. It is time to embrace a new narrative—one that prioritizes dialogue, mutual respect, and shared prosperity.

 

Zimbabwe’s young democracy, though imperfect, is functioning and deserves support, not punishment. The West must acknowledge its role in perpetuating inequality and work with Zimbabwe to build a more inclusive and equitable future. Reengagement is not just an option; it is a moral and economic imperative.

 

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of The Zambezi Institute. The Institute is committed to fostering dialogue and promoting sustainable solutions to Zimbabwe’s challenges.*